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The most urgent invention in the world right
now

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is a vaccine that prevents you from getting
COVID-19.

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What vaccines do,

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is they teach your immune system about the
pathogen.

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This is a coronavirus.

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And this shape, on its outside, is called
the spike protein.

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It grabs on to the cells in your body

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that have a particular receptor

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and get that cell to make billions of copies
of this virus.

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The first time that you're exposed to this
virus

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it takes literally days for your immune system
to realize that it's a bad thing.

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So how do we get the immune system to go faster?

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The idea of a vaccine is to give you an exposure

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to something that looks like this, so you’re
getting your body

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to make a lot of antibodies that can take
these viruses and actually kill them.

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There’s over 100 different efforts,

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making many different types of coronavirus
vaccines.

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So, how do you make a vaccine?

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Usually you’re injecting at least part of
the shape of the virus.

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Sometimes you do the whole virus,

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but it’s attenuated so it doesn’t multiply
too much.

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Sometimes you take the virus and you kill
it.

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You won't get sick because they're not duplicating.

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What’s typically done is

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you just take either a piece of the virus
or, just the spike,

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that thing on the surface, and you put it
on something else,

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so there's no risk at all of causing the disease.

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One final way that's new and is promising
is called the RNA vaccine.

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With RNA and DNA, instead of putting that
shape in,

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you put instructions in the code to make that
shape.

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So, the Gates Foundation, along with a great
number of partners,

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are looking at these different efforts.

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We've never created a new vaccine in less
than five years,

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So, this is urgent and it's going to require
incredible collaboration.

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It's going to have to go to 7 billion people.

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So, I am optimistic that one of the vaccine
efforts

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will give us vaccines in the next 18 months,

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and we'll make sure that it's produced in
volume

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and that it's accessible to everyone in the
world.

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That's how we're going to end this pandemic.